A selected history of climbing and mountaineering through the climbers, climbs and media.
The third route to be free climbed on El Capitan after Salathé Wall and The Nose.
The first ascent by Alexander and Thomas Huber followed meticulous preparation, with every hold ticked and every gear placement labelled. Just a few days after the first ascent, British teenagers Leo Houlding and Patch Hammond made an extraordinary almost-onsight ascent of the route for their first big wall.
The route incorporates parts of Continental Drift (a mixed free and aid route) then largely follows the North America Wall climbed free in its upper half. Until discovery of the Pineapple Express Variation all ascents used a short pendulum to overcome a 10m blank section.
[1] https://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/12199901800
The third route to be free climbed on El Capitan after Salathé Wall and The Nose.
The first ascent by Alexander and Thomas Huber followed meticulous preparation, with every hold ticked and every gear placement labelled. Just a few days after the first ascent, British teenagers Leo Houlding and Patch Hammond made an extraordinary almost-onsight ascent of the route for their first big wall.
The route incorporates parts of Continental Drift (a mixed free and aid route) then largely follows the North America Wall climbed free in its upper half. Until discovery of the Pineapple Express Variation all ascents used a short pendulum to overcome a 10m blank section.
[1] https://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/12199901800
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Jerry Moffatt's hardest and final route at Raven Tor, blasting up a line of punishing crimps. Ben Moon, who repeated the route aged 52:
A classic Ravens Tor [sic] route, only 10m long but basically sustained bouldering all the way. Probably hard Font 8a into hard route 8b with no rests and a heartbreak dyno to finish. [1]
Fellow steel-fingered Tor veteran Steve McClure:
Another great name from Jerry; he grabbed most of the best names, in part because he was first in the queue. This one was named after the progression of climbing at the crag, as it evolved from Sardine (7b+) and Body Machine (7c+) into the cutting edge of world standards. […] [2]
The route has changed a little over time. There is a small left hand crimp on the last move which broken in 1995 leaving a sharp spike. At the end of 2025, after consulting with some crag regulars, Ted Kingsnorth restored the hold to something closer to it's pre-break state. However after further discussion it was decided to put the hold back to something closer to it's ~2016 state, minus the sharp spike. [3]
[2] https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/features/steve_mcclure_the_evolution_of_man-16947
[3] Email correspondence, November 2026